Research paper on crack

The result is a fierce desire to take another dose. A survey by the National Cocaine Hotline reported that 54 percent of those asked reported becoming addicted to the drug the first time they used it. In , a New York State report estimated that the cost of care for a crack baby could exceed two billion dollars over the next 15 years.

Harlem Hospital researchers expected care for these babies would cost the United States over million a year. Estimates indicate that more than 45, babies exposed to cocaine before birth are born each year in the United States.

The psychological effects of cocaine are not in question. These effects include: A sense of euphoria Excitement or even mania A sense of energy Suppression of appetite Users of crack cocaine report feelings of pleasure, increased alertness, confidence, self-esteem , and well being.

They additionally report increased levels of energy and decreased social inhibitions. Crack Baby Myth research papers show how recent debate over whether or not the fetus is harmed during pregnancy when a woman takes crack cocaine. Women Behind Bars discuss the different races of women in prison, but focus on the African American women.

National Drug Strategy Research Paper distinguish adequately between different types of illegal substances, so that marijuana use, for example, is tacitly equated with heroin or crack cocaine use.

Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders Research Papers delve into the co- existence of mental illness and substance abuse and their statistics. Psychoactive Drugs Research Papers explore the advantages and disadvantages of psychoactive drugs. Effects of LSD Research Papers examine the short term effects, mental effects, and also how it can cause death. Women and Substance Abuse Research Papers illustrate the affects of alcohol and drugs on women.

Addicts may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others. The outcome of this experiment explains how related rats are to human beings.

Cocaine is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug. It is the most potent stimulant of natural origin. It is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant which grows on the mountain slopes of the Andes Mountains of South America. Illegal cocaine is usually distributed as a white crystalline powder or as an off-white chunky material.

Cocaine base is converted into the powder form, which is usually cocaine hydrochloride, by diluting it with other substances. Drugs are substances that can be inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed or dissolved under the tongue. Drugs can cause a temporary physiological change in the body and can often lead to drug addiction.

Four common illegal drugs are 1. Cannabis common names are: Weed, hash, skunk, marijuana 2. History of Organization Alcoholics Anonymous A. Alcoholic Anonymous A. There are 12 traditions with the 12 steps and this is what A. When attending an A. Prescription Narcotic Abuse Abuse of prescription narcotics causes loss of family relations, income, and self-esteem for the addict and causes an economic burden on American society.

The safe design of modern structures against earthquake excitation is a matter that troubles consultant engineers worldwide. Given the random nature of crack formation, research into reinforced concrete members, in the context of cracking Given the random nature of crack formation, research into reinforced concrete members, in the context of cracking behavior, has proved difficult.

Sometimes, depending on the crack width and spacing, cracking can affect general behavior and, specifically, the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete in multi-story buildings. Widely accepted methodologies for predicting crack characteristics, e. Furthermore, the phenomenon of cracking in highly-strained members, which takes place during earthquakes, needs to be investigated more.

The characteristics of cracks affect the appearance of catastrophic phenomena, e. In the context of the present work, the impact of the mechanical factors of tensile deformation is investigated, in terms of cracking behavior. Eight test specimens were divided into two groups according to their longitudinal reinforcement ratio 1. Extreme tensile strains were also used, e.

Apart from the investigation of the tensile strain factor, this work also examines the influence of the rebar content. The test results can be used to establish an experimental database, in order to develop an empirical equation that can forecast the quantity of cracks, their width and spacing.

The experimental study is followed by an analytical investigation that aims to develop an empirical equation, predicting the average width of cracks. The results are basically given in terms of diagrams showing the development of cracking characteristics in relation to the tensile strain applied.

Useful conclusions concerning cracking behavior are derived. Crackland: Beyond Crack Cocaine. Background: Crackland is a central deteriorated neighborhood in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, a market of crack cocaine where marginalized people live or circulate.

Objective: This study aims to characterize the social reproduction of subjects Objective: This study aims to characterize the social reproduction of subjects who visit or live in Crackland; b analyze the life trajectory of these persons.

Methods: The study embraces the theoretical and methodological perspective of historical and dialectical materialism, considering drug consumption a complex social process.

This is a qualitative case study, utilizing in-depth interviews with ten individuals, nine men and one woman, contacted by the snowball technique in Crackland. Results: The results show that the individuals came from families with different SRI, and they came from various state Thick walled components such as high pressure HP steam turbine casings operating under high parameter conditions are subjected to a complex stress state.

As a result of that stress state, some parts of HP turbine casing undergo to the It is well known that domestic thermal power plants have been in use over h which means that significant cost is required not only for maintenance, but often for renewal of equipment.

Based on comprehensive investigation, the results of residual life assessment of one high pressure steam turbine casing, which belongs to the older turbine generation, taking into account simultaneous action of thermal fatigue and creep, are presented in this paper.

Also, the critical flaw crack size of HP turbine casing is determined because this parameter has a strong Mode I and mode II stress intensity factors and dislocation density behaviour in strain gradient plasticity. In this study, we use the mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity theory to evaluate both crack tip dislocation density behaviour and the coupled effect of the material plastic properties and the intrinsic material length on non-linear In this study, we use the mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity theory to evaluate both crack tip dislocation density behaviour and the coupled effect of the material plastic properties and the intrinsic material length on non-linear amplitude factors.

This is the section of the brain that houses the communication network, and it has many neurons and neurotransmitters. Limbic system is responsible for the thrill and euphoria that drug abusers cannot get enough of. The exact part that gets provoked by the drugs is the dopamine pathway alternatively called the pleasure pathway in the nucleus accumbens.

After the drug reaches the brain, dopamine is released in high amounts and then it enters in tiny gaps that are between the brain neurons. Cocaine has numerous effects on many important neurotransmitters in the brain.

However, the most dramatic effect is on the increase as well as the release of dopamine into the brain. Excessive levels of dopamine have also been linked to and hypothesized with anger, aggressiveness, hallucinations, delusions, and other psychotic symptoms. Cocaine also initially increases levels of nor epinephrine and serotonin, 2 other essential neurotransmitters. The way the cocaine is consumed can also affect the brain and the heart.

Now in days individuals that consume cocaine with other strong drugs can lead to overdose or death. Per Mitchell found in her study that cocaine affects many parts of the body such as kidney, liver, cardiovascular and repertory. So, individuals that are addicted to cocaine prefer to always be high, so they will not feel the pain in their…. Narcotics, like alcohol, are also depressants. Other drugs that are opiates are morphine and codeine, which are common prescribed as severe pain killers.

Opiates are so strong it is easy to get addicted with one use, and even more possible to overdose the first time one uses. Heroin has the euphoric effect similarly to alcohol, which alters perception and judgement Rathus p